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- ****************************************************
- * Clathrin adaptor complexes small chain signature *
- ****************************************************
-
- Clathrin coated vesicles (CCV) mediate intracellular membrane traffic such as
- receptor mediated endocytosis. In addition to clathrin, the CCV are composed
- of a number of other components including oligomeric complexes which are known
- as adaptor or clathrin assembly proteins (AP) complexes [1]. The adaptor
- complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane
- proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. In mammals two type of
- adaptor complexes are known: AP-1 which is associated with the Golgi complex
- and AP-2 which is associated with the plasma membrane. Both AP-1 and AP-2 are
- heterotetramers that consist of two large chains - the adaptins - (gamma and
- beta' in AP-1; alpha and beta in AP-2); a medium chain (AP47 in AP-1; AP50 in
- AP-2) and a small chain (AP19 in AP-1; AP17 in AP-2).
-
- The small chains of AP-1 and AP-2 are evolutionary related proteins of about
- 18 Kd. Homologs of AP17 and AP19 have also been found in yeast (genes APS1/
- YAP19 and APS2/YAP17) [2,3,4]. AP17 and AP19 are also related to the zeta-
- chain [5] of coatomer (zeta-cop), a cytosolic protein complex that reversibly
- associates with Golgi membranes to form vesicles that mediate biosynthetic
- protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum, via the Golgi up to the
- trans Golgi network.
-
- As a signature pattern, we selected a conserved region in the central section
- of these proteins.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVM](2)-Y-[KR]-x(4)-L-Y-F
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / First entry.
-
- [ 1] Pearse B.M., Robinson M.S.
- Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:151-171(1990).
- [ 2] Kirchhausen T., Davis A.C., Frucht S., O'Brine Greco B., Payne G.S.,
- Tubb B.
- J. Biol. Chem. 266:11153-11157(1991).
- [ 3] Nakai M., Takada T., Endo T.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1174:282-284(1993).
- [ 4] Phan H.L., Finlay J.A., Chu D.S., Tan P.K., Kirchhausen T., Payne G.S.
- EMBO J. 13:1706-1717(1994).
- [ 5] Kuge O., Hara-Kuge S., Orci L., Ravazzola M., Amherdt M., Tanigawa G.,
- Wieland F.T., Rothman J.E.
- J. Cell Biol. 123:1727-1734(1993).
-